Which of the following is a common risk factor for intimate partner violence?

• A. Healthy communication
• B. Financial stability
• C. Prior violence
• D. Strong social support

Answer: (C)

Prior violence is a common risk factor for intimate partner violence because patterns of aggression can become a learned way of handling conflict and may be reinforced over time. People who have used violence in past relationships or who were exposed to violence in childhood are more likely to rely on coercive or controlling behaviors, have difficulties with impulse control, and may view aggression as an acceptable way to solve problems. This increases the likelihood that conflicts in intimate relationships escalate into violence. In contrast, healthy communication helps partners express needs without harm, financial stability reduces stress that can trigger conflict, and strong social support provides connection and accountability—each acting as protective factors that lower IPV risk.